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A comparison of due managerial care of a member of governing body in the Czech Republic and a comparable duty of a member of governing body in Ireland
Pečinka, Martin ; Josková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čech, Petr (referee)
This paper deals with a comparison between the Czech duty of due managerial care of a member of governing body of limited company and the Irish non-fiduciary duty to exercise care, skill and diligence of a director of limited company (hereinafter also referred as "duty of care"). The paper aims to find out a possible way to improve legislation of the duty of due managerial care on the basis of comparison with the duty of care. The duty of care sets the ground for the comparison, therefore the paper deals first with the Irish legal status of the duty of care, which has been recently changed by the Companies Act 2014. Despite of the codification of the directors' duties, the core of interpretation and application of the duty of care still rests in judicial decisions. Nevertheless, the change of source and statutory wording of the duty means that the substance of Re City Equitable [1925] does not represent a good law anymore. The standard of care of Re City Equitable [1925] has been replaced by the minimal objective standard based on the British judgment Re D'Jan of London [1994]. The content of the duty of care is determined on the case by case basis, but in any event it consists of conclusions of the British judgment Re Barings [1999], which has been accepted by the Irish courts in restriction...
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Disqualification of a governing body member and other persons from their positions in a business corporation
Lála, Daniel ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Liška, Petr (referee)
Disqualification of a governing body member and other persons from their positions in a business corporation Abstract The master thesis analyses the regulation of disqualification of directors and other persons from the management of a business corporation. The purpose of this study is to introduce in detail the grounds for disqualification and to define persons who might be disqualified based on each particular ground, moreover, to describe a scale of effects of a disqualification order and to deal with the consequences of acting while being disqualified. The attention is also drawn to several interpretative problems, which are construed. Additionally, the thesis reflects the regulation of the English Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 and the relevant English case-law. Except for the introductory part and the conclusion, the thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter looks briefly at the disqualification as such and its purpose. Additionally, it is generally described, who might be disqualified. Special attention is paid to the person that is in a similar position as a director and to the influential and controlling persons. The second and the third chapters deal with particular grounds for disqualification. Firstly, it is focused on the disqualification which is pre-conditioned by...
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Disqualification of governing body members (and other persons) from their positions in a business corporation
Vítek, Dominik ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Pelikán, Robert (referee)
1 Abstract: Disqualification of governing body members (and other persons) from their positions in a business corporation As of 1 January 2014 a new act no. 90/2012 Coll., Business Corporations Act, has been effective in the Czech Republic. Among the other new legal instruments, the Act has incorporated a regulation of disqualification of governing body members (and other persons) from their positions in a business corporation. This master thesis aims at determination of particular grounds for the disqualification and impacts of its application. Further, persons who may be disqualified under the pursuant to the particular grounds are defined in the thesis. The aim of the thesis is to find a general rules governing the disqualification and to determine limits of its application. The thesis also defines other persons (positions) which the disqualified person will not be allowed to hold and perform due to the court's decision. The author uses descriptive and analytical methods to interpret the legal regulation, which is joined with comparison of Czech and British legislation as the British legislation was one of the main sources. The Act is interpreted based on grammatical, logical, teleological, systematic, and partially historical interpretation methods. Within the comparison the author focuses on the...
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Liability of members of governing bodies of juristic persons
Novotná Krtoušová, Lucie ; Beran, Karel (advisor) ; Kühn, Zdeněk (referee) ; Havel, Bohumil (referee)
Liability of members of governing bodies of juristic persons Mgr. Lucie Novotná Krtoušová Abstract The aim of the presented doctoral thesis entitled "Theoretical Concept of Liability of Members of the Governing Bodies of Juristic Persons" is to determine what requirements can be placed on natural persons who act as members of the governing bodies of juristic persons, and to specify the substance of due managerial care as a legal basis for potential liability. The Civil Code lays down the duty of a governing body member to act with due managerial care in the discharge of his/her office in its general part; the relevant provisions thus apply to members of the governing bodies of all juristic persons under both private and public law, provided that this is compatible with their legal nature. Compliance with the duty of due managerial care - in cases where the governing body members act as representatives of the juristic person - is the decisive criterion for determining whether or not they will be liable to the juristic person for any damage caused in the discharge of their office. However, it is questionable whether this is a case of fault-based liability for breach of a legal duty or strict liability for breach of a contractual obligation. The question of whether we will conceive liability of members of...
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Duties of a member of governing body of a limited company in financial difficulties
Langr, Filip ; Josková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čech, Petr (referee)
Duties of a member of governing body of a limited company in financial difficulties Abstract This thesis discusses duties of a member of governing body of a limited company in financial difficulties, specifically chosen institutes not only from corporate law but from insolvency law as well. The main goal of this thesis is to define period of financial difficulties and to create a basic overview of legal duties that are connected to this period. When analysing individual duties, where I take into consideration conclusions from specialised literature and from decisions of the courts, I focus on problematic parts of the enacted law. The thesis proposes de lege ferenda propositions and also reflects on the amendment to the Business Corporations Act. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the due managerial care and diligence. It is the key duty, which is imposed on the members of governing body of a limited company. In the second chapter I discuss the state of financial trouble of the company. The Czech lawmaker tries to reflect on this economical state by the institutes of insolvency and impending insolvency, which I focus on within this part. These institutes are linked to a number of legal duties. Chapters three and four constitute the core of the thesis. Chapter three...
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Liability of members of governing bodies of juristic persons
Novotná Krtoušová, Lucie ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Liability of members of governing bodies of juristic persons Mgr. Lucie Novotná Krtoušová Abstract The aim of the presented doctoral thesis entitled "Theoretical Concept of Liability of Members of the Governing Bodies of Juristic Persons" is to determine what requirements can be placed on natural persons who act as members of the governing bodies of juristic persons, and to specify the substance of due managerial care as a legal basis for potential liability. The Civil Code lays down the duty of a governing body member to act with due managerial care in the discharge of his/her office in its general part; the relevant provisions thus apply to members of the governing bodies of all juristic persons under both private and public law, provided that this is compatible with their legal nature. Compliance with the duty of due managerial care - in cases where the governing body members act as representatives of the juristic person - is the decisive criterion for determining whether or not they will be liable to the juristic person for any damage caused in the discharge of their office. However, it is questionable whether this is a case of fault-based liability for breach of a legal duty or strict liability for breach of a contractual obligation. The question of whether we will conceive liability of members of...
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Tortious Liability of a Member of a Statutory Body of a Business Corporation Towards Third Parties
Flídr, Jan ; Pelikánová, Irena (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
The dissertation addresses liability borne by members of statutory bodies (directors) for damage caused to third parties (parties not involved in the relevant corporation) where the director commits a tort in discharge of his/her tasks for the corporation, as stipulated under the general provisions of tort law. The dissertation is structured into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter outlines the foundations for the analysis of directors' liability for torts. In the second chapter, the author tackles the topic of liability that directors bear under civil law for any tortious acts they commit, concluding that directors are liable to compensate any damage caused by a tort committed by them while acting for the relevant corporation. The director's personal liability vis-à-vis the aggrieved party for any tort committed is not prejudiced by the fact that the director committed the tort while performing his/her tasks; this circumstance only means that the tort will be attributed to the legal person, which then is liable for the tort together with the director. The author primarily argues here that the principles governing legal representation are not applicable to torts committed by directors, and the legal consequences of the tort thus cannot be attributed solely to the legal person...
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"Simultaneous performance of function of statutory body of capital company and employment relationship"
Hadrbolcová, Martina ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
6 Simultaneous performance of function of statutory body of capital company and employment relationship Abstract The topic of this rigorosum thesis is the issue of prohibiting performance of a function of the statutory body of a capital company while simultaneously having an employment relationship with that same company, which was inferred by judicature in the early 90s of the last century. However, despite this prohibition, the simultaneous performance of function of the statutory body and employment relationship is common practice in the Czech Republic. In fact, it provides this statutory body or its member a protection, which otherwise belongs by law only to employees. However, as a follow-up to the current Supreme Court decisions, there have appeared some opinions that judicature has finally resolved this issue of simultaneous performance. So, the aim of this rigorosum thesis is to appraise whether we can consider this issue as resolved or not and what new practical problems this new Supreme Court's interpretation causes. This rigorosum thesis is divided into eight main chapters. The first one and second ones are dedicated to the theoretical basis and basic characteristics of the dependent work and the performance of a function of the statutory body. The third chapter is dedicated to comparison of...
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Liability of members of governing bodies of juristic persons
Novotná Krtoušová, Lucie ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Liability of members of governing bodies of juristic persons Mgr. Lucie Novotná Krtoušová Abstract The aim of the presented doctoral thesis entitled "Theoretical Concept of Liability of Members of the Governing Bodies of Juristic Persons" is to determine what requirements can be placed on natural persons who act as members of the governing bodies of juristic persons, and to specify the substance of due managerial care as a legal basis for potential liability. The Civil Code lays down the duty of a governing body member to act with due managerial care in the discharge of his/her office in its general part; the relevant provisions thus apply to members of the governing bodies of all juristic persons under both private and public law, provided that this is compatible with their legal nature. Compliance with the duty of due managerial care - in cases where the governing body members act as representatives of the juristic person - is the decisive criterion for determining whether or not they will be liable to the juristic person for any damage caused in the discharge of their office. However, it is questionable whether this is a case of fault-based liability for breach of a legal duty or strict liability for breach of a contractual obligation. The question of whether we will conceive liability of members of...
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Comparison of duty of loyalty of a member of governing body of a company and duty of loyalty of a company member
Hubáček, Tomáš ; Josková, Lucie (advisor) ; Tomášek, Petr (referee)
The Duty of Loyalty of a Director of a Company and the Duty of Loyalty of a Member of a Company in Their Mutual Comparison Abstract According to the valid legislation, both the member of a company and the director of a company are subject to the duty of loyalty. The duty of loyalty has different content in relation to these persons and affects them with different intensity. The aim of this thesis is to compare selected aspects of the duty of loyalty of the member of company and the director of company. The first part presents initial doctrinal and judicial evolution of the duty of loyalty of the member of company and the director of company in the legal order of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the essence (creative elements) of the duty of loyalty of mentioned persons is discussed. In this context, legal doctrine concludes that the essence of loyalty of the member of company and the director lies, amongst other matters, in contract. However, each of these persons has a different obligation, which is associated with different rights and duties of the relevant members of company's bodies. The aim of the first part is to develop the issue, which I consider crucial for understanding arguments and conclusions presented in the thesis. In the second part, I try to identify the interest which the member of company...
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